What this tool does

Screen whether a candidate internal diameter creates unusually low or high velocity at the entered flow. Optional length and C-value inputs add a preliminary friction estimate.

When to use it

Use it before selecting a pipe size, when comparing real pipe schedules, or when checking whether a pressure-loss result is driven by velocity.

Inputs and supported units

Each labelled field explains the quantity it expects. Unit-system changes convert existing numeric entries once and keep calculations on a single SI internal basis. Supported shared units include L/min and GPM, metres and feet, kPa and psi, millimetres and inches, kW and hp, and °C and °F as relevant.

Calculation or decision method

V = Q/A, where A = πd²/4

The tool reports neutral screening language rather than treating a single velocity range as a universal legal limit.

How to interpret the result

Read the primary result with the supporting breakdown and warning. A plausible number is not evidence that every input, operating case or design constraint has been included.

Worked example

At 120 L/min through a 50 mm internal diameter, velocity is about 1.02 m/s. The same flow through a substantially smaller ID increases both velocity and friction rapidly.

Assumptions

Steady, full circular pipe flow; the entered diameter is the actual internal diameter.

Limitations

The status is a screening cue. It does not consider water hammer, noise criteria, solids transport, erosion, code or manufacturer limits.

Safety and review boundary. Confirm project-specific velocity and surge criteria; do not treat this page as an approved pipe-size selector.

Sources